1.Struct
在 Ruby 程式語言裡面, 如果想要定義一個新的類別, 但又覺得重新寫一個 class 太麻煩,
有比較方便的方法,
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| irb> Customer = Struct.new(:name, :phone) do
irb> def say_hello
irb> "Hello, I'm #{name}!"
irb> end
irb> end
=> Customer
irb> Gary = Customer.new("Gary", "0923-355-599")
=> #<struct Customer name="Gary", phone="0923-355-599">
irb> Gary.phone
=> "0923-355-599"
irb> Gary.say_hello
=> "Hello, I'm Gary!"
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除此之外, 我們可以直接用 == 來比對兩個 Struct 是否相等
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| irb> Judy1 = Customer.new("Judy", "0911-998-223")
=> #<struct Customer name="Judy", phone="0911-998-223">
irb> Judy2 = Customer.new("Judy", "0911-998-223")
=> #<struct Customer name="Judy", phone="0911-998-223">
irb> Judy1 == Judy2
=> true
irb> Judy1 == Gary
=> false
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取得 Attribute Value 的方法
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| irb> Gary[0]
=> "Gary"
irb> Gary[:name]
=> "Gary"
irb> Gary["name"]
=> "Gary"
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enumerator , 逐一列出 Attribute Value 的方法
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| irb> Gary.each {|x| puts(x) }
Gary
0923-355-599
irb> Gary.each_pair {|name, value| puts("#{name} => #{value}") }
name => Gary
phone => 0923-355-599
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轉成 String 或 Array
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| irb> Gary.to_s
=> "#<struct Customer name=\"Gary\", phone=\"0923-355-599\">"
irb> Gary.to_a
=> ["Gary", "0923-355-599"]
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2.OpenStruct
OpenStruct 又比 Struct 更有彈性, 因為它可以任意增加 Attribute , 不像 Struct 要先限制好有哪些 Attribute
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| irb> Jason = OpenStruct.new
=> #<OpenStruct>
irb> Jason.name = "Jason"
=> "Jason"
irb> Jason.phone = "0954-323-454"
=> "0954-323-454"
irb> Jason.age = "27"
=> "27"
irb> Jason
=> #<OpenStruct name="Jason", phone="0954-323-454", age="27">
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除了可增加 Attribute 之外, 也可以刪除 Attribute
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| irb> Jason.delete_field("phone")
=> "0954-323-454"
irb> Jason
=> #<OpenStruct name="Jason", age="27">
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也可轉成 String 或 Hash
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| irb> Jason.to_s
=> "#<OpenStruct name=\"Jason\", age=\"27\">"
irb> Jason.to_h
=> {:name=>"Jason", :age=>"27"}
irb> Jason.marshal_dump()
=> {:name=>"Jason", :age=>"27"}
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3.Reference
http://yafeilee.me/blogs/5246cc891563884b06000001
http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.1.1/libdoc/ostruct/rdoc/OpenStruct.html
http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.1.1/Struct.html